In addition to PM2.5, you will also frequently encounter the term PM10 in reports on air quality. Both terms refer to particulate matter, but there is a clear difference in particle size and the origin of these particles.
What is PM10
PM10 stands for particles with a diameter of up to 10 micrometers. This is larger than PM2.5, but still too small to be seen with the naked eye. PM10 includes pollen, tire wear, road dust, construction dust, and certain industrial emissions. The Lung Foundation (Longfonds) provides a good comparison: a human hair is more than five times larger than a PM10 particle.
The difference between PM10 and PM2.5
The most important difference lies in the size and where the particles end up in the body. PM10 particles are largely stopped by the nose and the upper respiratory tract. PM2.5 particles are so small that they can penetrate deeper into the lungs and even into the bloodstream. This distinction is also made by the World Health Organization in its fact sheet on air quality and health. PM2.5 therefore falls under the category of PM10, because all particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers are by definition also smaller than 10 micrometers. Measurements of PM10 therefore also include the PM2.5 fraction.
Health effects of PM10
High PM10 concentrations can contribute to irritated airways, coughing, and reduced respiratory comfort, especially in people with asthma, COPD, or a pollen allergy. Because pollen also falls under PM10, a high PM10 value during pollen season can cause additional symptoms for people with hay fever.
Where PM10 comes from
- Road traffic: exhaust gases, tire wear, and stirred-up road dust.
- Construction activities and demolition work.
- Agriculture and agricultural operations.
- Natural sources such as pollen and sea salt.
Extensive background information on sources, measurements, and standards can be found in the RIVM dossier on particulate matter.
Reducing PM10 indoors
Ventilate consciously: in case of high outdoor air pollution, for example along a busy road during rush hour, it may be wise to air out your home a little later. Vacuum regularly to remove accumulated dust and do not shake out rugs and carpets indoors. An air purifier with a HEPA 13 filter, such as the AirPure Plus PA244, filters both PM10 and PM2.5 particles from the air passing through the device, including pollen and dander. This also makes the device interesting for people who suffer from hay fever in addition to sensitivity to particulate matter.
More information about our air purifiers and filters can be found at dynter.eu.